Hitler's Third Reich and World War II in the News is a daily edited review of WWII news, providing thought- provoking collection of hand-picked WW2 information.

Category: Legends & Heroes of World War II  -- See latest WWII news here. See also 'Kamikazes', 'WW2 Rangers', 'WWII Airborne Divisions', 'Military Medals: Most decorated Heroes'.

Film details Hispanic Marine's acts in the Second World War
Armed but alone, Marine Pfc. Guy Gabaldon roamed Saipan's caves and pillboxes, persuading enemy soldiers and civilians to surrender. He told the Japanese that Marines were not torturers as they had heard. He coaxed over 1,000 Japanese out of the caves. He got a Silver Star - later upgraded to a Navy Cross. His actions were recounted on tv and in movies. Now, 2 years after his death, there is a renewed campaign to give Gabaldon the Medal of Honor. New documentary "East L.A. Marine" asks whether his Hispanic heritage prevented him from getting the medal, however, others blame his outspoken nature.     [ ap :: 2008-05-04 :: Legends & Heroes of World War II ]

Warfilms about exploits of a World War II commando captain Michael Burn
Michael Burn was a captain in the commandos in their WWII raid on St Nazaire, a PoW at Colditz Castle and had a copy of Mein Kampf signed by Adolf Hitler. Now his story will be told in 2 movies, based on Burn's "Turned Towards the Sun" and James Dorrian's "Storming St Nazaire". One will focus on the St Nazaire raid. Despite being wounded (and after every man in his boat was killed) he helped other men to safety and battled his way to a rendezvous point, before being caught and sent to Colditz. Producer Robert Ozn said: "...the troops who fought at St Nazaire represent all that Americans admire about the British warrior."     [ icnetwork :: 2008-04-04 :: Legends & Heroes of World War II ]

WWII Medal of Honor winner shares his story - 100th Infantry Division
Only 32 Medal of Honor recipients are still alive. One of them is infantry soldier Mike Colalillo, who earned the medal during the last days of WW2. On April 7, 1945 his unit came under heavy fire, bullets and shells were flying all over. "We were all pinned down, we couldn't move. If you get up we'd get shot at. We lost a lot of men there... I jumped on the tank, and just hollered in the tank and told, 'I lost my gun and I'm going to use your machine gun on the top.' And that's when I started shooting all these positions where the Germans were." Out in the open on top of the battle tank, Colalillo rode into battle, firing the machine gun mounted on the turret.     [ publicradio :: 2008-01-29 :: Legends & Heroes of World War II ]

Silvestre Herrera: Mexico-born Medal of Honor winner, dies at 90
Silvestre Herrera, the first Arizonan to win the Medal of Honor award during World War II, also had Mexico's highest honor for valor (the Premier Merito Militar), making him the only person to earn both. In 1945 he was granted the Medal of Honor for saving his platoon from machine-gun fire. The Army private first class with the 36th Infantry Division took out one emplacement, then charged through a minefield toward a second, losing both feet to explosions. The eight Germans manning the machine-gun nest threw down their weapons. "I was one of the lucky ones, to live to be awarded the Medal of Honor."     [ tucsoncitizen.com :: 2007-11-28 :: Medal of Honor - Stories of the most decorated Heroes ]

Forgotten Soldiers by Brian Moynahan - How to be a military hero
Vom Kriege (On War) by Carl von Clausewitz isn't the easiest reading, but he has many insights, some of which are at the heart of Forgotten Soldiers by Brian Moynahan, who has taken 15 individuals who changed the course of a war or a campaign. "As with glass too quickly cooled, a single crack breaks the whole mass," Clausewitz warns on panic. At the key stage of the German invasion of France on May 13, 1940 German sergeant Walther Rubarth caused the crack. 3 Panzer divisions were stalled on the bank of the Meuse. Squad of assault engineers were the only Germans to get across, and Rubarth destroyed 7 French bunkers, carving out a bridgehead...     [ telegraph :: 2007-11-26 ]

Medal of Honor hero held off hundreds of Germans single-handedly
World War II veteran Charles P. Murray held off hundreds of Germans single-handedly for over 6 hours. Then Army Lieutenant, he had only been company commander for 8 days. "It was the last area of France west of the Rhine river that was still in the hands of the Germans." Murray was leading his troops through the mountains when his lookout spotted something. "Then my radio went dead - cold, wet probably. I had no spare batteries." With no way to call for heavy artillery from the rear and fearing the Germans would annihilate his company, he ordered his fellow soldiers to scatter and he hunkered down. "I borrowed a rifle and some blank cartridges for the rifle..."     [ wistv :: 2007-11-07 :: Medal of Honor - Stories of the most decorated Heroes ]

Medal of Honor hero Pfc. John Reese sacrificed himself for comrades
Pfc. John N. Reese Jr was killed during a 2-man attack on more than 300 heavily armed and entrenched enemy soldiers in a 2-1/2-hour World War II battle for a Manila railroad station. He was hit by a sniper's bullet while reloading his rifle as he and Pfc. Cleto Rodriguez were crawling toward the American lines for more ammunition. Reese provided covering fire as his companion crawled away. "The intrepid team, in 2-1/2 hours of fierce fighting, killed more than 82 Japanese, disorganized their defense and paved the way for subsequent defeat of the enemy at this strong point," according to the citation awarding Reese the Medal of Honor.     [ tulsaworld :: 2007-10-04 :: Legends & Heroes of World War II ]

Vet to receive medal 6 decades after heroic acts in Nazi Germany
The officers of Company B, 1st Battalion, 7th Regiment, 3rd Infantry Division, credited Wayne T. Alderson with leading the company's assault into Nazi Germany on March 15, 1945. Over the next 3 days, he single-handedly destroyed 2 machine gun emplacements and attacked pockets of German snipers. Ordered to report to the rear for media interviews, he instead led a new assault on March 18, when company B was then cut off. Fearing the Germans were about to launch a counterattack, Captain James B. Rich asked for volunteers to launch a surprise assault... "It haunts me. He gave his life for me, and here I'm getting the Silver Star and possibly the Medal of Honor."     [ pittsburghlive :: 2007-05-20 :: Legends & Heroes of World War II ]

Lieutenant colonel Felix Sparks's courage impressed Waffen-SS
A National Guard brigadier general Felix Sparks has been recommended for the Distinguished Service Cross. As a lieutenant colonel in Jan 1945, he commanded a battalion of the 157th Infantry Regiment at the Battle of Reipertswiller in Alsace. In which 164 were killed, 300 wounded and 400 captured. Sparks jumped from his battle tank, and rescued 3 wounded comrades who were out in the open. The courage so impressed the Germans that a Waffen-SS machine gunner refused to fire on Sparks. The machine gunner, who uses the pseudonym Johann Voss, described the event in "Black Edelweiss: A Memoir of Combat and Conscience by a Soldier of the Waffen-SS."     [ armytimes :: 2007-05-11 :: Legends & Heroes of World War II ]

Distinguished Service Cross for saving 3 GIs during World War II
Felix Sparks, brigadier general of the Colorado National Guard, is nearing 90 years old. But before he dies, his buddies want to give the "soldier's soldier" a tribute: the Distinguished Service Cross, the second-highest medal, next to the Medal of Honor, for saving 3 wounded GIs during WWII. Hidden in the snowy thicket of the French forest, the Waffen-SS machine gunner stood in a foxhole with his finger on the trigger. From the hatch of a war-beaten tank, Lt. Col. Felix Sparks looked out into the trees, knowing he was already in the sights of a gun. Sparks surveyed the forest and figured that was where he would die.     [ rockymountainnews :: 2007-03-11 :: Legends & Heroes of World War II ]

Ernest Childers' WWII heroics earned Medal of Honor
Ernest Childers had a broken ankle and was out of hand grenades, but that didn't stop him from attacking two enemy machine gun nests in Italy in Sept 1943. Second Lt. Childers lobbed rocks into a German machine gun nest. In the morning darkness, the Nazi machine gunners couldn't tell what they were and jumped out of their cover for fear they were grenades, right into fire from Childers' rifle. After recovering from his wounds in North Africa, he was sent back into combat at the Battle of Anzio, where he was wounded again. The citation of the Medal of Honor said: "for conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at risk of life above and beyond the call of duty."     [ tulsaworld.com :: 2007-02-25 :: Legends & Heroes of World War II ]

Lieutenant Commander John Bridge: Clearing Messina harbour
In August 1943, following the allied invasion of Sicily, efforts to clear Messina harbour of mines had been costly. All the members of one bomb disposal team had been killed or seriously wounded. Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve lieutenant John Bridge, already the holder of a George Medal and Bar, was instructed to clear the harbour. Little was known about the depth charge firing mechanisms. So his first task was to recover one of the devices intact. For his "conspicuous and prolonged bravery and contempt of death" Bridge was awarded the George Cross. Two of his team received George Medals.     [ guardian :: 2007-02-08 :: Legends & Heroes of World War II ]

Wartime fire hero: Involved in 3 of the most deadly V2 rocket events
Fire hero Cyril Demarne Obe has died, just ten days shy of his 102nd birthday. He joined West Ham Fire Brigade in 1925 and was stationed at divisions across London, returning to the East End at the time of the Blitz and flying bombs. He was involved in three of the most deadly V2 rocket incidents in the capital and he turned those experiences into a book The London Blitz - A Fireman's Tale. In Dec of 2005 he returned to Newham to unveil a commemorative plaque in West Ham where he was stationed during World War II and at which ten firemen died when the building took a direct hit from a bomb.     [ newhamrecorder :: 2007-02-05 :: Legends & Heroes of World War II ]

Bob Dare: Blown up Churchill tank, D-Day , Operation Market Garden
A member of the Coldstream Guards Tank Brigade, Bob Dare took part in the D-Day landings and Operation Market Garden. In Oct 1944, he got severe burns when his Churchill tank was blown up by a mine. Bob saw the shell of his tank again last October when he was guest of honour at the opening of the Oorlogs National War and Resistance Museum. In a letter sent to Bob in June 1945, John Collier wrote: "I'll always remember that day when I saw your tank go up in flames. I never saw you get out... I went around what tanks were left yelling your name and I couldn't find you. ... You've no idea what a relief it was the next day when I found out you were still kicking."     [ sheffieldtoday :: 2007-02-02 :: Legends & Heroes of World War II ]

A member of the elite branch of the OSS -- D-Day hero
Article no longer available from the original source.
A member of the elite secretive branch of the Office of Strategic Services called the Jedburghs, Lucien E. Lajeunesse parachuted behind enemy lines in 1944 to aid French soldiers in preparation for D-Day. A radio operator who spoke French, his unit carried out attacks on German convoys, destroyed bridges and disrupted communications. In his lifetime, he received numerous awards for his wartime heroics, like France's highest award to a foreigner, the "Croix de Guerre." In 1994, during the 50th anniversary of the invasion of Normandy, he was presented with a rare original map of the Normandy invasion by French President.     [ norwichbulletin :: 2007-01-18 :: OSS - Office of Strategic Services ]

Reluctant Hero - Charles Upham - New Zealand's best soldier
Although he was treated as a hero Captain Charles Upham refused to take on the mantle he'd earned as New Zealand's best soldier. Wounded many times, famous for taking risks others would not, he is the most highly decorated Commonwealth soldier of WWII. Upham won the Victoria Cross twice, the highest commendation a Kiwi soldier could win. He is the only man among millions of Allied troops to be awarded both the Victoria Cross 'and Bar'. 1941 Crete campaign was a 10-day pitched battle in which allied troops were slowly over run by the Nazis. Upham repeatedly saved the lives of his men by sneaking up on German positions.     [ tvnz :: 2006-11-18 :: Legends & Heroes of World War II ]

Iwo Jima flag-raiser John Bradley felt star status was undue
Betty Bradley says flag-raiser John Bradley, never would have wanted spotlight from new Iwo Jima movie. Bradley and five Marines were photographed raising a flag atop Mount Suribachi on Feb. 23, 1945. The image, which has been called the greatest wartime photo, has been reproduced millions of times. It was only after John's death in 1994 when the family discovered 3 cardboard boxes that contained letters and photographs relating to his world war II years. It was only then they also discovered he'd been awarded the Navy Cross, the second-highest award for valor. John Bradley had simply never mentioned it.     [ yellowfootprints :: 2006-10-16 :: Legends & Heroes of World War II ]

Secret hero's medals for sale -- SAS founder member
His wartime work was top-secret and nobody back home was aware of the extraordinary exploits of Reg Seekings with the Special Air Service in the North African desert and at the D-Day landings in Normandy. Now memories of a founder member of the SAS are revived with the sale of his group of 11 Second World War medals, including his Distinguished Conduct Medal and Military Medal. His DCM citation said he had "taken an important part in 10 raids. He has himself destroyed over 15 aircraft... During the Normandy Landings he was among the first to parachute in. He was hit by a bullet in the back of his neck."     [ ely-standard :: 2006-09-15 :: Legends & Heroes of World War II ]

Marine private tricked 1,000 Japanese soldiers to surrender
Marine private Guy Gabaldon, who single-handedly persuaded more than 1,000 Japanese soldiers to surrender in the World War II battle for Saipan, has died. Using an elementary knowledge of Japanese, bribes of cigarettes and candy, and trickery with tales of encampments surrounded by American troops, he was able to persuade soldiers to abandon their posts and surrender. The scheme was so brazen - and so amazingly successful - it won him the Navy Cross, and fame when his story was told on tv. "My plan was to get near a Japanese emplacement or bunker, and tell them that I had a bunch of Marines with me and we were ready to kill them if they did not surrender."     [ sfgate :: 2006-09-05 :: Legends & Heroes of World War II ]

U-boat hit by the B24 Liberator bomber - Victoria Cross for Pilot
Submarine commander Oberleutant Clemens Schamong, who held an Iron Cross 1st class, ordered to open fire when an Allied B24 Liberator caught the German u-boat on the surface. Cannon shells from two 20mm anti-aircraft guns on the U-boat hit the B24 Liberator, which caught fire and the Germans thought it would turn away. Despite many more direct hits, Pilot Lloyd Trigg ran the burning bomber toward the u-boat, dropping 6 depth charges before the plane plunged into the Ocean and blew up. All men aboard it were killed. Two of the depth charges exploded alongside the U-boat, fatal strikes which had the submarine sinking. Trigg was decorated with the Victoria Cross.     [ northernadvocate :: 2006-08-22 :: Bomber Pilots of WWII: B-17, B-24 ]

Gurkhas and VC ceremony - Solo stand against 200 soldiers
Two Nepalese Gurkha Victoria Cross (VC) winners have attended a ceremony to mark the 150th anniversary of the medal. 4 of 12 living VC holders are Gurkhas from Nepal. Gurkha soldiers were first recruited by imperial Britain in 1815, and are admired for their fearlessness. Rifleman Lachhiman Gurung made a solo stand against 200 Japanese troops during the Second World War after being blinded in one eye. In recent years, some Gurkhas have been involved in disputes over retirement issues. Captain Limbu led a group petitioning British PM to demand the same rights as British-born soldiers.     [ bbc :: 2006-06-29 :: Victoria Cross Medal (VC) - Stories of the most decorated Heroes ]

Frederic A. Mayer -- U.S. Spy during World War II
Article no longer available from the original source.
Mayer penetrated Nazi military intelligence, was captured and tortured by Gestapo and arranged the bloodless surrender of Nazi-occupied Innsbruck. Once he waltzed into a Wehrmacht camp, claimed thieves stole his weapons and began his 3-month act as a first lieutenant of the Third Reich. "And I never changed my name. I just pronounced it differently." After finding 26 trains carrying tanks and supplies to German forces, he radioed in the location for a bombing raid. "They say it shortened the war by 6 months." But Germans forced his network to reveal his guise. "That was unfortunate," said Mayer, who was tortured six hours by Gestapo.     [ mlive :: 2006-06-29 :: Intelligence, Espionage & WWII Spies ]

George Codrea Marine infantry platoon leader at Guadalcanal
After joining the Marine Corps, George Codrea was assigned as an infantry platoon leader with the 1st Marine Division and took part in the invasion of Guadalcanal on Aug. 7, 1942. After two weeks of minor battles, a Japanese infantry brigade attacked in the battle of Tenaru River. The young second lieutenant held his ground, according to his Navy Cross citation. To reinforce the firing line during the fighting against a Japanese landing force, he placed each man in a position to deliver the most effective fire. Despite being wounded twice he remained at the front until being ordered to be treated. After surgery and recuperation he returned for the final months of the campaign.     [ washingtonpost :: 2006-06-03 :: Pacific War - Allied powers ]

Legendary Marine Corps hero who died on Iwo Jima
The World War II Marine Corps hero, Gunnery Sgt. John Basilone, who died on Iwo Jima after legendary feats has a Navy destroyer and a lot more named for him. A stamp was issued with his image and tales of his courage are a boot camp staple. At Guadalcanal his unit defended against an elite Japanese regiment of 3,000 men. 12 of the 15 men were killed and two others wounded, but he held out and fired away for 3 days from the two machine guns, repairing one mid-battle and making a run for more ammunition. By the battle's end, 200 Japanese lay dead. His Medal of Honor citation credited him "Virtual annihilation" of the regiment.     [ washingtonpost :: 2006-05-29 :: Legends & Heroes of World War II ]

FBI agent: Medal of Honor impostors outnumber recipients
The Congressional Medal of Honor Society reports there are 113 living recipients of the nation's highest military award, but an F-B-I agent says impostors outnumber the true heroes. Agent Tom Cottone says there are more and more of the impostors, and they are literally stealing the valor and acts of valor of the real guys. Some fakers merely brag about receiving the award - and that's not illegal - but some impostors wear military uniforms and bogus medals.     [ ap :: 2006-04-30 :: Medal of Honor - Stories of the most decorated Heroes ]

War heroine Nancy Wake honoured - Led an army of 7,000
The Australian WWII heroine dubbed the 'White Mouse' by the Gestapo because they could not catch her has finally been honoured in the land of her birth, New Zealand. Nancy Wake has been awarded the NZ Returned Services Association's highest honour, the RSA Badge in Gold, as well as life membership for her work with the French resistance during the war. She is the first woman to be awarded the Badge in Gold. The RSA said as a saboteur and resistance organiser and fighter, the feisty woman led an army of 7,000 Marquis troops in guerrilla warfare against the Nazis in France.     [ aap :: 2006-04-28 :: Guerrilla Warfare - Partisans ]

WWII tank killer to be honored later this month
Back in 1942, John "Jack" Francis III was just another young soldier enlisted in the Army tank corps. A year after he found himself in Sicily where Allied troops were fighting the Axis powers. During a patrol Cpl. Francis single-handedly wiped out two heavy German 88-mm cannons with his own 37-mm tank-mounted gun. Cpl. Francis, once handy with a tractor on farm, was "a wizard with the light tank." Having shipped out of Italy, Cpl. Francis participated in the invasion of Normandy, and was seriously wounded after his tank suffered a direct hit by a German bomb. Incorrectly assuming he had been killed, other crewmen in the tank left him behind to make their escape...     [ eastbayri :: 2006-04-21 :: American Tanks ]

Chechen Heroes of the Great Patriotic War
Almost 400 Chechens and Ingush took part in the heroic defence of the Brest Fortress. Machine -gunner Khanpasha Huradilov was posthumously awarded the "Gold Star Hero of the Soviet Union" having personally destroyed 920 fascists. Khakim Ismailov hoisted the banner above the Reichstag in Berlin. Cavalryman Movlid Visaitov was the first Soviet soldier to meet the American allies on the Elbe. There were around 20,000 - 40,000 Chechen front-line soldiers. However, today almost any Russian resident will tell you that the Chechens were traitors, that they waited for the arrival of the Wehrmacht and even got a white horse ready to present to Hitler.     [ chechensociety :: 2006-04-15 :: The Red Army & russian partisans ]

NZ World War II hero Clive Hulme accused of murdering German soldiers
A New Zealand war hero has been accused of war crimes by murdering German soldiers in WWII while disguised as a Nazi paratrooper. Clive Hulme, who was granted the Victoria Cross military medal, killed German soldiers while dressed in a German paratrooper's smock during the 1941 Battle of Crete. Hulme's daughter Anita said that accusing her father of war crimes was unfair to his memory. She said the family was aware that her father had worn a German uniform as a way of infiltrating the enemy. "I didn't know it was against the rules of war. You do what you need to survive, don't you?"     [ worldaffairsboard.com :: 2006-04-10 :: Allied dark side - Allied atrocities ]

Legendary soldier who led Canadian paratroopers on D-Day
Brigadier James Hill, a legendary British soldier, died at the age of 95. Hill was one of the last men evacuated from the beaches of Dunkirk and he was in the vanguard when the allies returned. On D-Day, Hill's 3rd British parachute brigade was scattered wide by contrary winds during the parachute drop. He gathered a group, which was strafed by their own aircraft under the illusion that anyone walking toward the landing zones would have been German. He was wounded in the right bum cheek. When asked why he wasn't evacuated to hospital, he said he hadn't trained the brigade for all that time in order to leave it in the midst of the action.     [ ww2aircraft :: 2006-03-30 :: D-Day, Normandy & Operation Overlord ]

Rommel: The End Of A Legend by Ralf Georg Reuth
The legend of Field Marshal Erwin Rommel, the Desert Fox, is threefold: he was a simple soldier who did his duty and knew nothing of Nazism; he was a commander of superlative talent in North Africa in 1941-2; he was a leader of resistance to Hitler who gave his life after the failure of the July 1944 plot. Reuth shows that all of these assumptions are false. Rommel was a officer whose ambitions were in perfect harmony with the aims of the Nazis. He colluded in the marketing of his persona by Goebbels, whose newsreels built him up like a movie star. He was mindlessly loyal to the Reich and Führer.     [ --- :: 2006-02-19 :: Desert Fox Erwin Rommel ]

Mountaineer ex-Nazi Heinrich Harrer - From Hitler's SS guard to years with Dalai Lama
Austrian explorer Heinrich Harrer's long and rocky life, from officer in Hitler's elite SS guard to his friendship with the Dalai Lama, drew peacefully to an end in eastern Austria. Harrer joined a disastrous expedition by a German Nazi team to the 8,114 metre Nanga Parbat mountain in Kashmir. But it was not until nearly 60 years later that Harrer confirmed that he had been a member of the Nazi Party and was made an officer in the feared Schutzstaffel regiment after meeting Hitler. The legend was forged in April 1944 when the mountaineer escaped from a British internment camp with Peter Aufschnaiter and they spent 2 years crossing the Himalayas by foot.     [ dw-world :: 2006-01-08 :: Nazi Occult, Ahnenerbe, Wewelsburg castle ]

A Navajo warrior who earned 28 medals dies
Samuel N. Blatchford, great-great-grandson of Navajo war chief Manuelito and decorated war hero with service in WWII, Korea and Vietnam, died. To say that he qualified for that military honor is an understatement. His military service included: # Working with the French Resistance until his capture by the Gestapo. # Serving as a radio operator and gunner on a B17 Flying Fortress in Europe and getting shot down four times. # Numerous escape attempts from Stalag 17-B. Blatchford earned 28 medals, including the Silver Star, Legion of Merit, Distinguished Flying Cross with one oak leaf cluster, four Purple Hearts, six Air Medals and the Prisoner of War Medal.     [ Star-Tribune :: 2006-01-06 :: Legends & Heroes of World War II ]

The man who really beat Hitler - Marshal Georgi Zhukov
Marshal Georgi Zhukov was the commander of the Red Army which came back from near defeat at Stalingrad and pushed the Wehrmacht back to Berlin, where the Nazi regime collapsed. He became a hero in the Soviet Union but Stalin, and later Khrushchev, were so jealous of his stature they forced him into taking a series of dead-end jobs and tried to airbrush him out of the history books. By the time of his death in 1974 Marshal Zhukov had been rehabilitated by the Soviets. His leadership during the "Great Patriotic War" is still studied at West Point and Sandhurst, as well as the great Russian military academies.     [ bbc :: 2003-05-09 :: Generals of World War Two Commanders ]

Adolf Pilch - Heroic figure of the Polish underground army
Major Adolf Pilch was a blunt, ironic man, and a cool strategist much feared by the German and Soviet occupying forces. He came to England to train for the special operations executive (SOE). Parachuted back into Poland in Feb 1943, Pilch took charge of a 40-strong group of partisans, which within two months had became 400, and, by the end of the year, had grown to 1,000. Pilch fought in more than 200 engagements, never lost a battle, and was subsequently awarded four fighting crosses, the medal of Warsaw, the king's medal for courage, and Poland's highest military honour, the virtuti militari.     [ guardian :: 2000-02-19 :: Guerrilla Warfare - Partisans ]

See also

'Kamikazes'

'WW2 Rangers'

'WWII Airborne Divisions'

'Military Medals: Most decorated Heroes'.

Although the articles linked from Adolf Hitler's Third Reich 1933-1945 and World War II in the News are reviewed and specially selected, they do not necessarily represent the views of the editor, who is not responsible for the content of any external sites. This service is © Joni Nuutinen 2005-2008. All rights reserved.